图为悉尼书店红色烫金版《孙子兵法》 韩胜宝摄
中新网悉尼7月1日电(记者 韩胜宝)“《 孙子兵法 》是中国最重要的书籍之一 ,它的观点已经渗透到中国文化的方方面面” 。澳大利亚国立大学闵福德教授表示说,以他个人翻译过的作品为例,其中只有《孙子兵法》最受欢迎。
闵福德是英国著名汉学家、学者、才华横溢的文学翻译家。他生于伯明翰一个外交世家,少年时就向往中国文化,他认为汉语的文字、结构举世无双,唐诗宋词的优美典雅令人心醉。他曾在中国大陆 、香港和新西兰的大学任教 ,担任过奥克兰大学中文系主任,澳大利国立大学中韩研究中心主任 、亚洲研究项目成员 。闵教授目前开设的中国文学和翻译课吸引了众多澳大利亚的学生。
闵教授是将中国古典名著《红楼梦》介绍给西方的先行者。其岳父霍克思也是著名的汉学家、翻译家,二人所合译的《红楼梦》,前八十回由霍克思负责,后四十回则由闵福德负责,成为至今仅有的两个《红楼梦》英文全译本之一,经企鹅集团推出后即好评如潮,译本文字精确优美,曲尽其妙,诗词、谜语的翻译也境界全出,被誉为完美体现了翻译“信达雅”原则。
他还率先把金庸武侠小说《鹿鼎记》翻译成英文,由牛津大学出版社出版,让英语世界的读者也可看到韦小宝玩世不恭的人生哲学,受到英国学界的一致好评,金庸也因此荣获英国剑桥大学荣誉文学博士学位。这位素有“金庸兵法”之美誉的武侠小说大家,在《鹿鼎记》中一再提及的“知彼知己,百战不殆”,是《孙子兵法》中的警句。有学者称,用金庸小说可注解《孙子兵法》,这或许是闵福德翻译世界第一兵书 的前兆。
事实上,闵教授最得意之作是将《孙子兵法》介绍给西方读者。他的底本的选择和注释部分所采用的是广为流传的《十一家注孙子》,然而有时他也采信其他学者所作的校订,如参考大英博物馆东方藏书手稿部助理部长翟林奈的译文,美国夏威夷大学安乐哲教授的译本,及美国海军陆战队格里菲思准将的译本。
在翻译《孙子兵法》时,闵福德也遵循了与岳父合译《红楼梦》的经验,参阅银雀山的汉简。1972中国山东临沂银雀山1号汉墓出土的文献结束了几千年来关于《孙子兵法》著作权的争论,也为翻译提供了珍贵的一手研究材料。有学者评价,闵福德对底本的选择,不仅体现出他认真细致的学术态度,也反映了他敏锐的眼光。
闵福德《孙子兵法》译本的内容包括导论、文本注释、拓展阅读建议、中国注家列表、年代表、朝代表、重要历史事件、13篇英译文及相关注家的评论注释。美国前国务卿基辛格在书中曾引用了闵福德对一句孙子名言的翻译:是故百战百胜,非善之善者也;不战而屈人之兵,善之善者也。
闵福德新的翻译计划与《孙子兵法》有相通之处《易经》。谈到这部中国典籍,闵福德表示,这是一部好书,是中国最古老的经典,它讲求和谐,注重减少冲突,读了让人更有智慧,能给当今世界很大的启发。
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