陈学然 香港城市大学中文语言翻译学院副教授 香港经验：教育与制度两手抓

陈学然教授介绍，香港从“公民意识”教育和惩处制度两方面同步入手，治理各种不文明行为。

香港社会非常重视“公民教育”。除了家庭教育，学校从小学开始就极力培养孩子们的公民意识，几乎每个学校都开设一定数量的相关课程，教育孩子如何文明地参与社会生活，让排队、电梯靠右站等文明行为，从学生的幼年期就能内化形成一种意识。

此外香港也非常重视社会媒体的宣传。经常能看到很多户外公益广告，提醒人们注意培养文明意识。

除了这些软性措施外，香港的惩罚制度非常严苛。卫生署纠察队在严格进行督查。一旦发现乱扔垃圾、在禁烟区吸烟等不文明行为，违规者将受到严厉的惩处。

香港《公众地方洁净条例》为各类不文明行为定额罚款提供依据和说明。未经许可张贴海报，吐痰、随地扔垃圾等，罚600港币；乱丢垃圾15次以上的违规者，还有可能被赶出公屋。

“公民素养的培养不是一蹴而就的，”教授认为，内地需要通过完善和细化法律制度，从而帮助公民培养文明意识。

 

Tags: 教育 香港 公民意识

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