师哲(1905-1998)曾长期兼任毛泽东、周恩来、刘少奇、朱德的俄文翻译,多次参加中苏两党两国间的最高层会谈。在暮年之际,他口述、出版了《在历史巨人身边》、《我的一生》、《峰与谷》等回忆录,引起国内外广泛关注,特别是关于中苏关系、朝鲜战争的内容,引起史学工作者的强烈反响。但师哲毕竟年纪大了,而且时间相隔久远,其回忆难免有疏漏或与事实相悖之处。对此本人谈点看法。
周恩来是带着“不出兵”的意见去见斯大林的
近年来,一些关于抗美援朝战争的文章和著作涉及到1950年10月周恩来在抗美援朝战争前夕秘密访问苏联时的情况。关于这段历史,作为翻译随同周恩来访苏的师哲,在其回忆录中写道:讨论是否出兵的中央政治局会议“还没有结束,就派周恩来秘密访问苏联”了。“周恩来离京之后,毛主席做了政治局委员们的工作。他说:我们不能见死不救。政治局的同志见毛主席下了决心,自然也就没有什么意见了。”“因为总理正在旅途中,对这一切无从知晓。”因此,周恩来是带着“以不出兵为宜”的意见同斯大林会谈的。
师哲在回忆录中还写道:会谈中周恩来谈的时间最长,着重阐明了我们不能出兵的理由。会谈结束的当晚,周恩来收到毛泽东22时(因为时差,莫斯科比北京晚5个小时)的来电,要他将电文内容转告苏联领导人。电文指出:在苏联空军暂时不能出动的情况下,“与高岗、彭德怀二同志及其他政治局同志商量结果,一致认为我军还是出动到朝鲜为有利。”“总之,我们认为应当参战,必须参战,参战利益极大”,“对中国,对朝鲜,对世界都极为有利”。反之,“不参战损害极大”。
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