翻译诗歌是一桩费力不讨好的事

周晓农说：我想这绝对是一桩费力不讨好的事。

记得当年读已故散文大家秦牧的散文集《艺海拾贝》，其中有一篇文章就谈到了这个问题，他举了一个例子，说《贵妃醉酒》，如直译，就是：一个喝醉了酒的贵妇人。这就一点意思也没有了。前者含着故事，主人公有倾城之貎，加上语言的韵味，无论你怎么想，总和美相关，而后者，你甚至可以想到疯妇人上去。

诗歌语言精炼，妙在只说几字，却可以产生不尽的联想，容不得解释，一解释，似乎清楚了，联想却完全破坏了。且不要说诗歌的外文翻译，就是古语今译，那种感觉也没有了。

比如“知否，知否，应是红肥绿廋”，试一下，如有今天的话来说，那种规定情景，怎么也是过不来的。

此外诗还有格律要求，音韵旋律，在中国古典诗词中，往往还和诗词的情调浑然一体，要把这种浑然一体的感觉弄出来，也很不易。

翻译有信达雅之说，信达好办，而诗之雅，则太难。那是特定人群中的一个语言感觉，这种语言感觉中包含着文化积淀，你往往能感觉到，却说不出来，一说甚至就不是那个意思了。

但如熟悉他国的文化，对他国的某首诗理解非常到位，用本国的语言将那个意思说出来，不一定照着原诗的句子来，重在传达那首诗的感觉，也许能做到比较好。我不懂俄文，但普希金的“假如生活欺骗了你”这首诗，在雅上做得好，我能被其深深感动。因不懂俄文，也仅是我的感觉而已。此诗翻译的版本多，以下一首被认为翻译得比较好：

假如生活欺骗了你，
不要悲伤，
不要心急。
忧郁的日子里需要镇静。
相信吧，
快乐的日子将会来临。

心儿永远向往着未来；
现在却常是忧郁.。
一切都是瞬息，
一切都将会过去；
而那过去了的，
就会成为亲切的怀恋。

Tags: 文学作品翻译 诗歌翻译

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