近日,在国内刚刚斩获六亿多元票房的《环太平洋》,让国人着实扬眉吐气了一把。因为这部美国科幻片在中国的票房总数,甚至超过了同样热映的美国本土,中国影迷人数庞大,背后的消费潜力可想而知。
但是,这部影片却因为翻译问题而在网上被频频吐槽,影片字幕中不时出现低级错误,如将Elbow Rocket,即“手肘火箭”,翻译成日本动漫《圣斗士星矢》里的“天马流星拳”。美国科幻和日本动漫就这样在翻译的搭桥牵线下成功“合体”。
这并不是进口大片第一次在中国出现雷人的翻译,去年,“地沟油”这样的词汇也成功“登陆”到《黑衣人3》的字幕中。译制片字幕之所以“天雷滚滚”,其原因并非是译者水平不济,而是个别翻译者有意为之。一些人认为,将一些外国原文用本土化语言进行翻译,认为这样有助于接近观众。在文艺作品的翻译中,有异化和归化两种翻译,异化就是在译文中保留原作品中的文化意象,通过字面直译等方式使译文尽可能保持原作品的语言风格和文化特点,并借此向受众介绍原作品中的文化意象。而归化则是直接用本地语言和本地文化意象来取代原作品的文化意象,例如用本地语言中既有的词汇进行简单替代。这些“天雷滚滚”的翻译,大多数就属于“极端归化”的翻译方式。
在过去,许多海外大片在当地上映时,国内并未同步上映,因而网上字幕层出不穷。这些民间翻译人士往往因为翻译时间短,不够专业,再加之其面对的受众相对小众,因而多采用“归化”甚至“极度归化”的方式进行翻译,博网友一笑。但是,如果将“极端归化”的翻译方式用于公映影片,则不仅是对原作者的不尊重,也是对观众的不负责任。
毕竟,观众之所以会走进电影院看票价远比国内电影贵的进口大片,不仅是为了享受视听盛宴,也是为了能够通过观影来了解原汁原味的异国文化。而随着国民英语水平的提高,这类“极度归化”、“极度意译”的翻译方式,在观众的眼中,正在从过去的“笑点”变成现在的“硬伤”。 翻译是一门艺术,前提是尊重原作,追求的是“信、达、雅”,不能为了博取眼球而哗众取宠。
当然,我们还应当意识到一个问题,译制费用过低,译制时间过短,也是电影中出现与影片质量和层次不相符的雷人翻译的原因。目前,一部进口影片的译制费用往往只有5万元上下,甚至还要支付各种管理、录音、器材等诸多成本,最终留给译者的酬劳可能只有几千元。加之随着中国电影市场的蓬勃发展,越来越多的海外片商倾向于缩短中国与国外之间的上映时间差,译制时间被缩短,译者往往还没有完全领会原片文化就匆忙上阵,出现雷人用词就不难理解了。
如果译制片翻译长此以往地“天雷滚滚”下去,最终受损的是整个中国电影进口市场。因为,没有哪个影片的原创方,会长期默许自己的影片,在另一个国度被曲解成如此模样。
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