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核心提示:鲁迅在日本留学期间还著述和翻译了大量介绍自然科学方面的图书文章,比如介绍居里夫人伟大贡献“镭”的《说钼》,还有《中国地质略论》,出版了《中国矿产志》等科教著作,鲁迅翻译了法国儒勒·凡尔纳的科幻小说《地底旅行》。
凤凰卫视5月10日《腾飞中国》,以下为文字实录:
何亮亮:在一篇《为孩子们写作的经过》的文章中,高士其写道,《菌儿自传》是我的代表作,它不是科学小品而是科学小说,是我学习了鲁迅先生的《阿Q正传》之后写成的,的确,从高士其的名作《菌儿自传》的谋篇布局乃至行文都能看到鲁迅作品的影子,其实鲁迅不仅仅是一代文学宗师,对于科普的推广他也是不遗余力,18岁那年,鲁迅前往南京的江南水师学堂,江南陆师学堂附设的矿路学堂读书,开始接触了新学和西方的现代自然科学,他后来在《呐喊》一书的自序中回忆说,进了学堂他才知道世上还有所谓格致、算学、地理、历史绘画和体操,对此他感到“非常新鲜”,学习到了如饥似渴的地步,据他的弟弟周建人回忆,鲁迅还采集了不少矿石标本,每次放假都带回一些来,放在一个木匣里,记得有铁矿石、铜矿石、石英石、三叶虫化石,还有像石榴子一样的矿石。
鲁迅曾经利用周日假期特地跑到城南花了五百文钱买回赫胥利宣传达尔文进化论的《天演论》,并“一口气读下去”,在南京求学期间,青年鲁迅也受到了达尔文进化论的思想,编制了他科学救国的梦想,可以说鲁迅最早正是怀着“科学救国”的壮志东渡日本留学的,鲁迅在日本留学期间还著述和翻译了大量介绍自然科学方面的图书文章,比如介绍居里夫人伟大贡献“镭”的《说钼》,还有《中国地质略论》,出版了《中国矿产志》等科教著作,鲁迅翻译了法国儒勒·凡尔纳的科幻小说《地底旅行》,然而就在1906年春天,发生了著名的《幻灯片事件》,鲁迅在课间放映的幻灯片里看到一个中国同胞被日军诬陷为“奸细”而惨遭砍头,而许多中国人却是麻木的围观,这使得鲁迅觉悟到医治人的精神比肉体更加重要,这促使他决定放弃医学而献身文学,不过投身文学的鲁迅终其一生都没有改变其宣讲科学的初衷,一直到晚年,鲁迅都格外关心青年学习知识的科学性和普及性。
1936年4月2日,就在他去世前半年,在一封信中,鲁迅告诫青年,不要专门看文学,关于科学的书自然是写得有趣以及容易懂的以及游记之类,也应该看看的,显然,这里对“科学的书”提出了“有趣”“易懂”的文艺化、大众化要求,而这个要求至今都可以作为科普作品优劣的一项评价标准。
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