您的位置:上海翻译公司>翻译资讯>西班牙语与葡萄牙语的差别有多大?
葡萄牙语在书写上与西班牙语很接近,但是在发音上则有很大的区别。使用葡萄牙语的人可以比较容易听懂西班牙语,但是使用西班牙语的人则需要经过一定的适应后才可以听懂葡萄牙语。作为比较。例句“她用晚餐之前总是先关窗户”: Ela fecha sempre a janela antes de jantar. (葡萄牙语)Ella cierra siempre la ventana antes de cenar. (西班牙语) 如果认识很多不太常用的单词的话,会发现葡萄牙语和西班牙语中有大量相关联的词汇: Ela encerra sempre a janela antes de cear. (不太常用的葡文),或Ella hecha siempre la ventana antes de yantar. (不太常用的西文) 比较拉丁语即可知其相似处: Illa semper fenestra ante cenam. 在某些时候,西班牙语和葡文在口语上几乎交互使用。葡语使用者通常可以閲读西班牙语,而西语使用者通常也可以读懂葡文,即使他们在口语上也许无法相互理解。 如果旅游者在葡萄牙使用西班牙语而不是葡文,通常当地人可以听懂,但并不是所有人都喜欢这样。他们更喜欢使用法语或英语(因为这两种语言在葡萄牙学校教授,很多40岁以下的人可以熟练的使用当中一种)。但是对于巴西人来説则不是这样,因为他们比较少机会接触外国人,所以他们对于讲外语的外国人都会觉得很新鲜。 西班牙语与葡萄牙语发音的区别 •葡语中的e和o字母有2种发音(音标é/ê, ó/ô),而西语各只有1种发音(与中文注音符号的ㄝ和ㄛ相近的发音)。
•葡语含有鼻元音,而西语无。 •西语中ce/ci的c以及z同于英语think的th的发音,而葡语无此发音。 •葡语中ch发音似汉语普通话的“下”,与法语同;而西语则似“恰”的发音。 •葡语中若单词首为ch时,末尾的s或x在爆破前发ʃ的音,在葡语中此音频出;而西语无此情况。 •葡语中的ge/gi/j发音似普通话“日”,与法语同;而西语则似“哈”的发音(为汉语中不存在的音,此以发音近似的字替代)。 •葡语如音节末尾有l个u,发音似i;西语无此变化。 •葡语词头为r或rr的发音似“赫”,与法语同;而西语此音呈卷舌发音。 •西语的発音无“子”,全为“四”音(如Brasil)。 •西语v与b同音且弱化。 •葡语与西语间的同源同义词的子音互换——◦l 与 r :“白色”——葡语 branco、西语 blanco。“南方”——葡语 sul、西语 sur。 ◦b 与 v :“书籍”——葡语 livro、西语 libro。“香草”——葡语 baunilha、西语 vainilla。西语b、v同音,语中有共同的摩擦音[β],遂可能使其他语言使用者借用西语词汇时将v字母替换为b,baunilha 与 vainilla 的差异就是一例。
•葡语与西语常用k、w 来表记外来语。y一般是葡语表记外来语的,而在西语固有词中却是频繁使用的。 现在,巴西和葡萄牙的老年人能勉强听懂西语,同时西语圏特别是巴拉圭、阿根廷、乌拉圭等国的葡语学习热正日渐流行。
Tags: 葡萄牙文翻译 葡萄牙语翻译 西班牙文翻译 西班牙语翻译
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