回答
不考虑时间因素,在译者水平均等的情况下,一个译者肯定比一群译者强,在任何时候都是这样。翻译本身是一种写作,无论对哪种体裁的文字,多人的译笔要保持风格统一很困难。
但问题是很少有可以不考虑时间因素的时候,出版单位有自己的运作周期、版权时限之类的限制,必然要求翻译工作在很有限的时间内完成。这样的话,在某些学术性书籍的翻译上,合作翻译有优势。不过前提是合作能充分利用现有的翻译合作软件,最大限度地减少分歧。有些格外庞大的著作是必定要合作翻译的,而且还要应用一些现代的项目管理手段。社科院组织翻译李约瑟《中国科学技术史》都已经多少年了,至今只见零零散散的一些出来,真怀疑是不是项目管理出了问题。
通常认为文学类作品不适合合作翻译,不过像《追忆似水年华》这样的书,一个人译可能真要译一辈子。就算译者乐意把这条命交给普鲁斯特,岂不是等于整整一代读者也要等到死?所以合作翻译还是有相当意义的,何况译林的那版多人合作翻译的《追忆似水年华》我觉得完成得还是很棒。像傅雷那样一个人能完成那么一大堆译著的时代很难再来了,一是那时候译者自由度比较大,没有那么多人整天说你漏译、错译啥的;二是时间上自由度也比较大;三是生存环境也比现在要好;等等。
目前合作翻译这个模式的最大危害,体现在那些两个人合译的学术书上。这些两人合译的书里,有相当一部分是第一译者译到一半停下来了——有的时候是因为有别的事(稿酬低,优先级也就低),有时候是发现自己译不下去——然后就再找一个译者来救场。这种现象之普遍可能超出外人想像。而以一般的编辑的能力,根本无法在后期弥补合译造成的各种差异。大家挑选书的时候需格外留意这类书。
回答
小布什自传《抉择时刻》是由东西网众包翻译的,我个人觉得比中信畅销书的平均翻译水平(真的巨烂)还是强一些。即将出版的《史蒂夫·乔布斯传》也是众包翻译的,http://Apple4.us团队还参与了审校http://article.yeeyan.org/view/little/224044
总体来说,我对多位译者也是非常排斥的,观点和经雷一致(法学类有多位译者或作者的书基本都很糟糕)。不过听出版社的人讲,国外畅销书拿下版权后,翻译有非常严格的时间限制,比如碰到某人当选总统或某人去世,不管原作写的多好,如果不能尽快推向市场,都会被同主题的山寨书(所谓“编著”“译著”)填补空白。从这个角度讲,对畅销书,尤其是文字比较浅显的政经类,众包也许比一两个译者更能保证质量,前提是项目管理者在统稿上(尤其是人名地名)有比较完善的流程。
我对众包的有限支持仅仅是基于个人译者也不能保证质量这一现实,目前给专业翻译的报酬太低了,根本不足以养活自己。
回答
一两个人翻译容易受到个人能力和精力的限制,但可以保持语言风格一致。
众包有不同背景的人参与,在个人能力上受影响相对小。但效率上也存在不确定性,最重要的是每个人的语言风格和对同一词汇也存在不同的理解。
之前看过一本奥美的书,是由奥美公司内部众包翻译的。
大概流程是,主要负责人先确定好特定词汇的同一翻译和语言风格,下发统一的资料,把章节分配给适合的人,最后再由负责人同一润饰和修改。
回答
对于专业的翻译团队,利用trados 等协同翻译软件的记忆能力,可以很大程度上确保专业词汇的一致及文风的一致。
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