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深圳晚报记者 崔华林
深圳晚报:翻译类图书最近屡屡被爆出问题,您同时作为引进外文书编辑和译者,觉得症结是什么?
何家炜:绝大部分译著类图书的翻译质量还是值得肯定的,毕竟翻译一本书不是那么容易的事,在翻译这件事上,即便神仙也可能会犯错,不能因为发现一点错就否定整本书。有些小语种译者仍然很难找,所以有些出版社或译者就从英文版本转译,但现在越来越多国外出版社在版权授权协议中规定要从原文翻译,比如贡布罗维奇作品的版权方就这么要求,所以我们出版他的五部作品,都是请波兰文译者翻译的。希望随着国内越来越多高校开设小语种专业,有更多小语种译者加入到译者队伍中。至于法文、德文等语种的图书,它们根本不是小语种,就不应该从英译本转译。
深圳晚报:最理想的翻译状态应该是怎样?
何家炜:翻译是一座桥,连通河的两岸,而两岸的语言和文化千差万别,很多时候,译者会碰到重重困难,所以我个人以为,如果可以找到两位译者,一位是以原著的语言为母语,另一位则以目标语言为母语,他们都对某本书及其作者非常了解,两个人进行合作,就能在翻译过程中达到最佳状态。这种情况可遇而不可求,所以只能说是最理想的情况,但在翻译史上并不是没有,比如佛经的翻译。当然更多情况下,译者都是孤独一人,那就需要多查资料,多请教疑难问题的相关专家,甚至向作者请教,如果作者在世并能取得联系的话。
深圳晚报:那现在这种情况下,怎样保证翻译质量?
何家炜:翻译最重要的是态度问题,只要态度认真,肯花时间和精力去“咬文嚼字”,不但可以翻译好一本书,而且在翻译中可以学习到许多新的知识,那也是一件虽苦犹乐的一件事。如果是法语、德语、俄语、西班牙语写成的书,那就找到合适的译者根据原文翻译,这些语言并不是小语种。如果手边有英译本,可以拿来比对校正,一来可避免可能会出现的理解错误,二来也可引申思考,看是否有更好的用词选择。但不建议先看别的译本,因为很容易造成“先入为主”,不利于自己翻译时发挥。特别是翻译诗歌的话,一定要从原文直接翻译,转译的错误率之多,会让一首诗变得面目全非。
深圳晚报:具体到《巴西:未来之国》这本书呢?
何家炜:这本书是茨威格用德语写作的,但又要求译者对巴西和巴西文化有很深的了解,很难找到这样的德语译者。所以最后选择了该书的巴西版本,即以葡萄牙语版本为翻译底本。译者樊星是北大葡萄牙语专业的研究生,在巴西学习了一年多,又花了一年多来翻译该书,最后找来精通德语的蔡若筠,比照茨威格的德文原文进行校对,以求准确。
Tags: 书本翻译 俄语翻译 劳动合同西班牙语翻译 小语种翻译 德文翻译 法文翻译
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