近日,美国影片《环太平洋》在沪上各大院线热播,引起观众关注与讨论的不仅是其中激烈的打斗场面和炫酷的钢筋铁甲,“天马流星拳”、“亮剑”等词的翻译更是引发了人们的争议。有人认为其很好地挖掘了“笑果”,让本土观众产生共鸣,但网上更多的则是不满的声音,“天马流星拳一出,顿时有一种穿越的感觉,这也行?我和我的小伙伴都惊呆了”。有网友如此评论。外国影视作品翻译“本土化”的度应该如何把握,这个问题再一次跃入人们的视野。
在《环太平洋》中,译者将打斗中机甲战士的一记绝杀翻译为“天马流星拳”,记者了解到,其原文为“ElbowRocket”,直译应为“手肘火箭”。有点让人摸不着头脑的“天马流星拳”字幕一出,电影院顿时出现一阵骚动,有人被逗乐了,有人则认为这“地气”接得太过生硬。
纵观这几年的国内电影市场,类似的例子并不少见。2006年,电影《加菲猫2》的翻译,大量用了“顶”、“粉丝”、“一点技术含量都没有”等一系列诙谐的网络用语,为影片加分不少。在之后引进的《博物馆奇妙夜2》、《功夫熊猫2》、《怪物史瑞克4》、《黑衣人3》、《马达加斯加3》等影片中,“本土化”的翻译更是频频亮相,“出来混,总是要还的”、“不走寻常路”、“一切皆有可能”、“按揭买房”、“地沟油”、“瘦肉精”、“小沈阳”、“赵本山”、“坑爹”等一系列本土味极浓的翻译,虽然拉近了外国影片与国内受众的距离,却不免让人产生一种穿越感。
接不接地气,是否“本土化”,这关系到影片翻译中十分核心的概念――直译与意译。所谓直译是指译文仍采用原文的表现手段,句子结构和语序不作调整或不作大调整。意译则是指译文中采用新的等效表现手段,句子结构也可能作较大的调整。
复旦大学翻译系副教授陶友兰认为,“本土化”的翻译方式其实就是采用一种意译的翻译策略,它能够较好地弥补中西文化隔阂,达到跨文化交流的目的,比如在美国喜剧剧集《老友记》中,对于“神马都是浮云”等翻译的运用让国内观众产生了共鸣。但陶友兰同时也指出,“本土化”不能被滥用,影视作品的类型与受众群体是翻译时必须考虑的要素,在一些较为严肃的尤其是涉及宗教政治话题的影片中就不适合加这些元素。
接地气的“本土化”翻译是一种尝试,该如何“本土化”?在整个电影市场的成长过程中,中国电影人一直都在寻找一个比较合适的度。据业内人士透露,就目前来看,“不要跳戏”是最实际有效的衡量标准。“不要跳戏”要求在保持西方电影原来韵味与特色的同时,适当加入一些让国内观众喜闻乐见的本土元素。“一般来说,这种本土元素在二三处为宜,如果太多了,就不免落入刻意迎合受众的嫌疑,让电影原来的美感与风格大打折扣。”
事实上,“本土化翻译”这个概念本身也是在不断发展的。陶友兰告诉记者,“从前许多作品会把西方谚语‘鳄鱼的眼泪’翻译成为‘猫哭耗子――假慈悲’。而随着人们对于西方文化了解的逐渐深入,‘鳄鱼的眼泪’这个译本已经不需要再‘本土化’了。”
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