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9月2日,“2013中国当代优秀作品国际翻译大赛”在京启动,大赛组委会推荐了30篇中国当代优秀短篇小说作为待译原文。根据比赛方案,每个语种的一等奖均为奖金5000美元,获奖作品还将结集出版。这让我们看到了中国文学走出去的一种路径。
相对于引进的外国文学作品,中国当代文学作品走出去的步伐慢得多,呈明显的逆差状态,这在很大程度上是受制于中译外能力的不足。笔者认为,要消除中外文化进出口的逆差,需要更多的中国文学走出去,也需要高规格的文学翻译比赛,激发全世界汉学家的翻译热情。
放眼目前的中国文学界,文学翻译尤其是中译外仍是个大问题。就像山东省作协主席张炜所说,当代优秀的翻译家很少,很多不负责任的出版商,为尽快推出中国文学译文作品,经常很草率地将许多优秀作品糟蹋了。据报道,一家媒体曾对北京外国语大学英语学院首届翻译系学生进行职业意愿调查,结果竟无一人将文学翻译列为职业首选。中国翻译协会网站也公布过一个数据,目前真正专职从事文学翻译的人员占翻译总人数的1%都不到。
之所以出现如此尴尬的局面,一方面是因为,文学翻译尤其是中译外需要艺术悟性、文学修养,把一种语言艺术变成另一种语言艺术,恐怕不是光懂外语就能做到的。如若没有艺术悟性和文学修养,就无法将中国文学的意境美感、语言特质、地域色彩和思想力量等呈现给外国读者,甚至可能将原作品误译和糟蹋。文学界有句名言:“一个好作家遇上一个好翻译,几乎就是一场艳遇。”可见好翻译是多么难得。
另一方面,专职文学翻译报酬低、难养家,据说千字几十元的标准十几年未变,而诸如商业、科技、工程项目等领域的非文学翻译,据说稿酬动辄千字数百元、上千元,稿酬差别如此之大,一些具有艺术悟性和文学修养的翻译人,平时写个专栏都有七八百元,谁有心思做专门的文学翻译?
文学最能反映一个国家的文化,是一个国家展示文化软实力的重要窗口。而让中国文学走入海外读者视野,思想力和艺术性是关键,因此,我们确实需要像“2013中国当代优秀作品国际翻译大赛”这样高规格的文学翻译大赛,激发国内外翻译创作力量向世界传播中华文化的主动性和创造性,真实、客观而灵动鲜活地再现当代中国和中国文化。
当然,仅有这些大赛是不够的,还需要提高译者稿酬、改善译者处境、保障译者权益,别让谋生的现实扑灭了文学翻译的理想。同时通过专业人才培养计划,培养大批高层次的、具有扎实文化根底的文学翻译人才,使翻译人才不再匮乏。
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