您的位置:上海翻译公司>翻译资讯>门罗很热,中国翻译界很尴尬
爱丽丝·门罗,这个名字对国内读者来说无疑是陌生的。这个“短篇女王”获得诺奖前,其作品仅有《逃离》一部在国内公开出版。不过现在,一切都在发生改变,她的作品在全球各地的图书市场火热升温,国内多家出版社也对门罗作品的中文版权展开激烈争夺。
互联网让世界变小了,可我们的文学视野竟然更小了。倘若不是诺贝尔文学奖,我们能知道爱丽丝·门罗是谁?而得了诺奖之后,门罗在中国的命运已经今非昔比。据媒体报道,“现在市面上唯一的(门罗)中文译本《逃离》已经在各大网店卖断货。据出版社透露,库存中剩下的一些货也迅速卖光”。门罗作品的热销,让我们又一次习惯性地面对诺奖得主“后知后觉”,更反衬出若干年来中国翻译界的尴尬。
尴尬之一:翻译界无“大家”。不知道门罗,自然是无人推介或者介绍的很少,这是译者的视野问题,他们没有注意到门罗。目前的中国翻译界,有翻译者,却少有翻译大家。原因在于,现有的译者基本上只是纯粹的译者,其本人并不是出类拔萃的文学作家。他们往往在商业目的下“接活”,商家给什么翻译什么,基本谈不上个人喜好以及“眼界”二字,所以视野要窄得多。相比较而言,中国新文化运动前后的一段时间内,胡适、鲁迅、周作人等人都对推介国外作品起到过巨大的作用,他们集作家、导师、启蒙者、译者于一身,翻译范围、角度、效果自然不同凡响。林语堂等人,甚至可以进行娴熟的英语写作;后来的钱钟书、杨绛、傅雷等人更是学贯中西。今天,有这样的翻译大家吗?所谓作家倒是不少,懂洋文的就凤毛麟角了。
尴尬之二:翻译界只认“大家”。这里的“大家”,是指流行的作家、商业利益巨大的作家以及成名已久的作家。今天的中国翻译界,与文学整体走向联系很紧密,更注重经济利益。J.K.罗琳的《哈利·波特》要翻译,因为孩子们爱看;约翰·罗纳德·鲁埃尔·托尔金的《魔戒》要翻译,因为市场广大;一些名家名作市场固定,也要翻译,所以不管重复不重复,哪怕没以前翻译得好,也要翻译。至于其他别的成功的非主流作家作品、有潜力的作家作品,很对不起,不流行、没赶上潮流、赚不到钱的东西咱不翻译。正因为如此,一些诺贝尔奖得主对于国人来说总是“生面孔”,他们的作品总是得“滞后翻译”。
尴尬之三:翻译界太廉价。中国翻译界为什么好作品不多、鱼龙混杂?一个很重要的原因就是翻译稿费低廉,翻译界太廉价。虽然说艺术是无价的,可没钱的艺术却会饿死人。长期以来,中国翻译作品的稿酬标准一直在几十元每千字左右徘徊,百元每千字已经是“高价”。翻译是一项极其辛苦的工作,既要“译”,又要“作”,长时间的劳动,一部十几万字的译作又能换得多少酬劳呢?以60元每千字的标准算,万八千块钱而已。如此低价之下,自然会低效,更不会有人四处主动寻找潜在价格更低的作品去翻译了。想当年,商务印书馆付给林纾翻译小说的稿酬是千字5元,后来增加到6元。这个标准的“元”和今天不可同日而语,要知道鲁迅1924年买了套四合院花费了800块银元。
当然,我们也可以把责任归结于读者:洋货越来越流行,洋文学却越来越小众。可是,我们怎么不说这是引导者的原因呢?引导者自毁长城的话,那也怪不得读者了。鲁迅曾经说,“注重翻译,以作借镜,其实也就是催促和鼓励着创作。”翻译做不好,创作又怎么能好?门罗热销反衬的中国翻译界尴尬该引起重视了。姜伯静
Tags: 中文翻译 作品翻译 小说翻译 短篇小说翻译 译者
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