《陕西省实施〈地名管理条例〉办法》近日施行。该办法明确指出:地名不得使用外文译写汉语地名。
关于中国的地名究竟该用英文翻译还是汉语拼音的问题,社会各界一直存在争论。而由于地名翻译标准不统一,也闹出过许多笑话。
位于成都高新区的地铁“孵化园”站英文翻译为“Incubation Park”,让人直接联想起“母鸡孵蛋的地方”,而不是高科技产业园区。四川省人大代表崔太平在该省今年“两会”上提出此事,引发了网友热议。有网友认为,这么翻译没什么问题,硅谷那些孵化器公司也用这个词,只是习惯用的是Business incubator(商业孵化器)或Incubator(孵化器),而不是Incubation(孵化)这个名词。
近日,有网友发微博称,从成都火车北站开往双流机场(候机楼)的大巴300路车身上的起点和终点提示,把“候机楼”翻译成“hou machine building”汉语拼音加英语直译,有明显的翻译错误。该微博引起了众多网友围观吐槽。有网友称:这中式英语,太牛了。难道是最新的汉英混搭风么,太无语了!
其实,地名翻译上的混乱、“中英混搭风”在我们身边并不少见,只是许多人熟视无睹罢了。
如果说对于“钟楼”究竟该翻译成“Zhong Lou”还是“Bell Tower”,还有一些讨论的价值,那么地名翻译中的“中英混搭风”则实在有些欠妥。目前,在全国范围内,地铁站名的翻译并不统一,“XX Station”与“XX Zhan”的翻译方式并存,显得有些混乱。对于这些问题,相关领域专家也有不同的意见。
西安地铁所有的站名翻译均采用汉语拼音。陕西省翻译协会主席安危认为,这样做既不方便外国人,也不利于宣传西安。他说:“西安的有些地名是著名的文物古迹,应该沿用约定俗成的译名,如钟楼Bell Tower,大明宫Daming Palace,而像航天城等显示西安的重要性和建设性的地点,翻译成英文专属名肯定比汉语拼音更能让外国人接受。”
西安地铁相关人员回应并解释说,他们曾先后组织有关单位对英文标识的翻译工作进行过研究。根据2008年发布的《地名标志国家标准》要求,西安地铁一、二号线英文站名全部采用大写汉语拼音译法。西安地铁英文站名的翻译曾上报给省民政厅,并通过了专家评审。西安市语言办也认可这种翻译,因为大写拼音译法是国家标准,也符合国际惯例。
北京师范大学汉语言文字学专业教授、博士生导师刁晏斌先生认为,陕西省“地名不得使用外文译写汉语地名”的规定是合法的。2001年1月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法》第十八条明确规定,“国家通用语言文字以《汉语拼音方案》作为拼写和注音工具。《汉语拼音方案》是中国人名、地名和中文文献罗马字母拼写法的统一规范,并用于汉字不便或不能使用的领域。”而国际标准化组织(ISO)经过多年审议,早在1982年就决定采用《汉语拼音方案》作为汉语罗马字母拼写法的国际标准。所以,陕西的做法是唯一正确的选择。社会上之所以会有不同的声音,大概只是基于一些其实并不正确的“传统”做法,比如用英语来翻译,或者是用外国人创制的老掉了牙的威妥玛式拼音(如“北京”拼写为PIKING之类)。
刁晏斌教授说,即使不从法律的层面来看这件事,这里也还有一个立场转变的问题:从“屈己就人”到“以我为主”。我们的地名翻译,自然应当用我们自己的汉语拼音表达形式,用专业术语来说这叫“名从主人”。
可见,无论是网友还是专家,多数人倾向于中国地名用拼音翻译。用汉语拼音翻译中国地名,除了更加接近本土语言之外,同时也符合我国各项语言规则、法令的要求。《陕西省实施〈地名管理条例〉办法》的实施为汉语翻译的规范带了个头。
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