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问题补充
网上看到的几种说法:
1, Train sets,但是用来表示玩具火车比较多;
2, Bullet trains,子弹列车,不准确;
3, Motivated trains,能告诉我哪些火车不是motivated的么,不准确无意义;
4, CRH,动车上就是这么写的,CRH trains是不是有些中国特色呢,老外只要了解一下背景,就大约知道是干什么的了。国外并没有“动车”这种说法,本来就是我国自创的。
有更好的么?
回答
动车组全称是「动力分散式列车组」,准确的对应术语是「multiple unit(s) (train)」,缩写为 MU,台湾叫做「多动力单元列车」,比较贴近英语。
叫它分散式,是因为每一节车厢都有动力,就好像很多巴士彼此连在一起往前开一样,而传统火车提供动力仅仅是车头,像一个挂了很多车斗的拖拉机,所以叫「集中式」。动车又可以细分为电动车(EMU)和柴油动车(DMU)。动车不一定是高速列车,不少慢速火车和地铁也都是动车。具体的技术细节就需要火车迷来告知了。
回到翻译的问题——动车这样的术语很少会直接在英语等西方语言中出现,部分原因固然是中文术语多数都很直观,因此容易进入口语,但「动车」一词之所以人尽皆知,本质上是因为——
G 字头的高速铁路
C 字头的城际高速列车
D 字头的动车组列车
这三种在国内运营的高速列车线路里面,有一种直接用「动车」来命名。其实三种列车都绝大部分,如果不是全部,使用了动车技术,所以这个名字其实起得并不好——它是个「技术」的名称,而其他的名字,包括传统的「快车」、「特快」、「直快」,都是在指代火车的速度或者用途。加上官方有意地宣传这种(砸钱从洋人手里买来但是羞羞答答不好意思承认的)技术,又加上「动车」是一个比「城际快车」简单不少的说法,所以它就流传开了。
类比而言,德国人通常只会说「我坐 IC(Intercity,城际车)、 ICE(Intercity-Express,城际特快)」,法国人会说我坐「TGV(Train à Grande Vitesse,高速火车,但 TGV 不是动车)」,并且也快要说「我坐 AGV(Automotrice à Grande Vitesse,高速自动车,automotrice 倒的确是指「自身有动力的轨道车」也就是动车,但日常很少有人直接说这个词」)了。日本当然就是说「我坐新干线」啦。英国没有高速铁路,而美国的高速铁路并不发达,所以英语口语里面与高速铁路相关的概念比较少,也是很正常的事情,唯一可以确定的,大概是不会有人说「我坐 MU」。
回答
CRH China Railway Highspeed 中国铁路高速
民间俗称 don’t train。
回答
CRH,内部人称作耻辱号,动车,指动力分散式列车。
传统火车,火车头拉着后面的车,动力分散式列车,比如现在的16节车厢的动车组,8动8拖,指的就是8节车厢有动力,8节车厢没有动力,是被拖着走的,8节有动力的,每个轮子上安装一个牵引电动机驱动,整个列车集中控制,要保证所有的驱动轮的驱动力相当,没有所谓的火车头。
这种技术的好处就是,加速快,制动也快,平稳,缺点就是,控制太复杂,而且你期中一节车厢坏了,不能换,只能整个拿去修,费用很高。
回答
我们的教材上都称动车为“EMU”
中国的EMU就是CRH,就像法国的叫TGV,德国叫ICE。
回答
bullet train
回答
Express Train
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