回答一 以我自己的经验。先找中国老师打好发音和語法的基础,然后找外教帮助开口说话。
发音是初学时一定要重视的。中国人不会小舌音,不区分b和p,d和t等。这些要下功夫,后期习惯了就不好改了。語法是在外教那里学不会的,只有中国教法才会逼你记背一些重要的东西,对后期提高是很有用的。这个時期过去后,就可以自学了。如果开始就跟外教学,那从头到尾都是模仿式的学习,对中国人来说非常难。
口语是和中国人学不了的,要靠外教或法国朋友。初期说话时词汇要大胆从英語猜。八成英語单词来自法语,猜错没关系,记住就好,平时再注意积累。在中国老师那里学的变位,阴阳性什么的,都在学口语时巩固,熟能生巧。“学語法是为了忘记他们”,要出口就来。另外要注意学习法国人说话快时吞了变了些什么音,这体现书上不教的发音规则。
工具么,留法革命前辈中传说有人到法国后以一张报纸和一本字典搞定法语。字典软件中,我推荐《法语助手》。 回答二 我就谈谈个人经验吧。待会儿要去自习,先给几个小 tips。
1. 无论如何,先攻破发音关。不求bp,td分得特别清楚 ,但要做到随便拿一篇文章你都能读出来,即使你根本就不懂——这样你的自信心就有了:“不管怎么样,我会读法语了!”
2. 教材要选好。如果你是浅尝即止的话,那可以用中文教材凑合。但要是像我这样第一外语由英语转向法语,而且今后的专业发展必须使用法语,那我就建议你用法国《taxi!》系列教材。这部教材针对于欧洲其他国家成年人学法语,教学目的就是为了达到欧标B2级。 法语联盟(alliance française)用的就是《taxi!》 。
3. 单词很好记。正如楼上所说,如果你不懂法语单词的意思,那就拿英文中长得像的单词来猜。(事实上那些英文单词就是从法语借来的。)你可以着重记一些法语所“独有”的单词,也就是那些没有被英语“拿”过去的单词。
4. 巧记语法规则。法语的语法规则比英语多得多,但是法语的语法比英语语法有规律。你不要强记语法,不妨多抄抄《taxi!》的课文,记住就是记住了,不会忘。
5. 法语读的多,单词记的多,听力自然好。特别是词汇量这一块。因为法语发音很规则,你听得出音标就写得出单词,关键是要知道那个单词的意思。所以词汇量大,听力才进步得快。
6. 拳不离手,曲不离口。一天认真学半个小时的法语才会保持不退步。或者说咱看看法语日志,学学法语歌,看看法语电影(一定要法语字幕.)
法语学习是很愉快的过程,bon courage ! 回答三 不知道楼主的具体语言背景如何,分享一下我的经历。如果有相似之处,正好可供参考。我是在英语国家学的法语。来之前已经来不及报班,用过“罗塞塔石碑”(软件名)一小段时间,之后到系里使用的是当地的教材,老师是法国人,听说读写是同时学的。电脑里安装的字典软件是“法语助手”。一开始读写部分法语词汇容易和英语词汇搞混,但是平时多留心细小差别,度过瓶颈期就会好起来。听说主要是跟老师和法国朋友交流,我会特别注意他们说话的声调。另外大量听法语歌(个人觉得帮助不是很大),看法语新闻和电影会有助于你逐渐适应联诵和同化。还有发音如前面几楼的前辈所说,也是需要着重注意的——小舌音的练习,具体的规则,都是需要大量的练习和记忆的。语法则是通过大量的练习,循序渐进,最后融会贯通。稍有基础之后可以开始读法国文学作品,我读的第一本法语小说是《小王子》,难度不大但是意味深长,感觉可以提升不少兴趣。还有如果楼主感兴趣的话,可以在线上听一下耶鲁的法国历史公开课,记一记笔记,感觉也是很有帮助的。
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